Current socio-economic problems that influence the state of health

The present time brings a lot of controversy and issues on economic, social and political ground. Time did not pass leaving opportunity for taking a breath from the Covid-19 pandemic, because the Ukrainian-Russian war started. This conflict unbalanced the commercial frame of Europe and prices started to go up, inducing reasons for insecurity fear for the wellbeing of tomorrow. Many people started to be anxious, and their symptoms included tachycardia, dyspnea, insomnia, headaches etc. All these symptoms are exacerbated by interfering with news from the media regarding the abovementioned socio-economic problems. Usually women are tented to be more influenceable and more alert, presenting themselves for evaluation in a medical cabinet.

The features and prospects of recreational use of thermal mineral springs by resort hotels

The Russian invasion of Ukraine and the COVID-19 pandemic have actualized the need to rethink the recreational use of thermal mineral springs by resort hotels in order to treat the consequences of post-war injuries, psychological rehabilitation and health restoration. Solving these problems requires strengthening the role of recreational enterprises and resort hotels in restoring the health of the population by expanding the directions of their economic activity and forming the investment attractiveness of the national resort and recreational product in world markets. The publication pays special attention to determining the physical and chemical properties of thermal mineral springs, which is an important component in the development of healing methods and the creation of specific health recovery programs. The spatial structure of the distribution of thermal mineral springs by regions of the world is clarified. The main types of establishments with thermal mineral springs, which provide recreational, healing and therapeutic services, are determined. In addition, the amount of financial losses suffered by institutions with thermal mineral springs as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic is determined, as well as the dynamics of volume and forecast of growth of the world market of thermal mineral springs, due to the need to recover health, is identified. According to the results of the study, it is found that thermal mineral springs are a unique natural resource. Their recreational use is the main activity of many resort hotels. As a result of the Russian aggression and the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a shift in emphasis in the functioning of resort hotels from relaxation and rest towards treatment and rehabilitation, which will help restore the demand for resort and recreational services in the post-war period. Thus, the increase in demand for the health-recovering, medical and recreational services will make it possible to expand the recreational use of thermal mineral springs, update the menu of services and become more appealing for attracting investment capital.

Lessons learned from COVID-19: provider suggestions for improving service delivery in sexual violence resource centers and children's advocacy centers in Kentucky

The COVID-19 pandemic has presented unique challenges for human service providers, especially as face-to-face services were limited by both formal and informal efforts to protect public health. Telehealth has emerged as a main strategy to ensure continuity of care. This study explored adaptations to services in child advocacy centers (CACs) and sexual violence resource centers (SVRCs) across the Commonwealth of Kentucky, particularly using telehealth. This study highlights respondents' suggestions about improving these service delivery systems and the particular emphasis on challenges and strengths of telehealth for reaching those in rural areas.

Fumbling out the effective pathways to apply the wildlife and forest analytic toolkit in the Mekong region: looking at data and analysis perspectives

The Wildlife and Forest Analytic Toolkit, introduced by the International Consortium on Combating Wildlife Crime (ICCWC), is designed to increase the effectiveness of measures combating wildlife and forest crimes (WAFCs). Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) countries have applied this toolkit as one of their priority actions after recognizing concerns about the biodiversity system and conservational zone through several illegal wildlife trade (IWT) activities. Although the toolkit has realized its fundamental objectives to readjust legal frameworks, enhance enforcement involvement, and improve their judicial and prosecutorial operations, the last components of data and analysis have not yet been implemented. This leads to slow updates of both trends and patterns concerning WAFCs that raise questions about the real levels of exploitation in the region. Using gray literature with published materials, combined with the IWT's database in the CITES system, this study examines why the data and analysis component of the Toolkit created obstacles in the GMS countries. Findings point to there being at least four main challenges to implementing data and analysis as the toolkit has recommended in the region: (1) availability and reliability of data;(2) data collection;(3) data resources (internal vs. external level);and (4) analytic research and its related monitors. Some practical recommendations call for further discussions. Meanwhile, updated information and specific data relating to zoonotic disease transmission are timely, considering the coronavirus pandemic.

Detention in pandemic

During the COVID-19 pandemic, detained persons suffered an increasing number of human rights violations. A World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT) report highlighted the abusive practices and legal ways to fight them. People in detention are generally at high risk of infectious diseases. Jails are overcrowded everywhere, hygiene is generally poor, and quarantine is often impossible. Persons with pre-existing medical conditions or pregnancies are especially vulnerable. It thus was no surprise that COVID-19 spread fast in detention facilities. Because of rules meant to contain the disease, infected persons often struggled to get in touch with lawyers and insisted on judicial review. Nonetheless, lawyers did find ways to assist people in jails and improve protection against COVID-19. This article highlights the OMCT report that assessed pandemic-related human rights issues, which were prevalent in many countries, focusing on Asia, Africa, and Latin America. It also discusses the legal and advocacy strategies and promising practices to protect people from COVID-19 in detention effectively, challenge ongoing and pandemic-related human rights violations occurring in detention settings, and seek accountability for abusive law enforcement measures.

Tourism business resilience in the time of war: the first three months following Russia's invasion of Ukraine

While armed conflict and war remain a reality in the 21st century, there is a notable lack of knowledge about the role and potential of tourism in the well-being of war-affected communities and people (Dolnicar and McCabe, 2022;McGahey, 2006). The issue is particularly relevant in light of the Russian Federation's full-scale military invasion of Ukraine, which began on 24 February 2022. In this study, we examine the responses of tourism businesses in the westernmost of Ukraine's 24 administrative regions, Zakarpattia, during the first three months after the invasion through the prism of organizational resilience. In doing so, we offer an insight into the first and arguably most critical responses of tourism entities to the exogenous shocks of wartime in a rear area. We thus complement tourism research on organizational resilience, which to date has focused primarily on natural disasters and the recent COVID-19 pandemic (Ritchie and Jiang, 2019;Yang et al., 2021).

Balkans - safe and secure destination for tourism. analysis of the situation

The conceptualization of the future is connected, as a rule, with a critical reflection on the present. Such consideration is particularly relevant to the Balkan region as a consequence of its inherent geographical realities and historical circumstances, which predetermined what was happening in this region of Europe. Since the beginning of the 20th century, the countries located on the peninsula underwent changes and joined different alliances and unions, under the complicated regional and international relations. Such peculiarities provoked this study with a focus on the manifestation of global problems and their regional dimensions in the Balkans, trough the security and safety issues explored in the context of tourism. Obviously, in the future, their importance will be even greater, having a significant socio-economic impact, including the tourism industry, where no tourist destination can be fully protected from various situations of threat (well seen during the Covid pandemic). Respecting the new realities, the study explores the preparedness of the tourism industry in the Balkans countries for events of natural and social nature. Design - The study of the Balkan countries as tourist destinations is analytical in nature and with a design that ensures that the studied data have the necessary reliability and allow a comprehensive coverage of the research problem. Methodology - Methodologically, the research is based on a literature review on the topic and on a survey of overview information from international databases. The performed situational and comparative analysis uses for source information from the INFORM Index from the Joint Research Center of the EU Commission in fact outlines the trends in the development of tourist destinations on country level on the Balkans, influenced by natural and social threats. Approach - The conceptual framework is still at an early stage of development and the current study could be useful for reevaluating the threats that are being observed and for supporting future research on the topic. The chosen approach to the study area - the Balkan Peninsula is consistent with its specifics and territorial features and reveals the picture of growing pressure under the stress of natural and social threats - war, disease, terrorism, natural phenomena, accompanied by financial and geopolitical tensions. high level of security. Findings - The obtained results have their significance for outlining the trends for the tourist destinations in the Balkans. Above all, its scientific usefulness is revealed in the analysis of the exposure of the Balkan countries as tourist destinations of natural and social threats, accompanied by trends for each of them, drawn as main conclusions. Originality of the research - The scientific and theoretical novelty of the research consists in the practical guidelines, which are outlined in order to improve the preparedness of the tourism industry in the Balkans countries for events of natural and social nature.

Analysis and perspectives of sweetpotato industry contributing to national food security in China

Chinese food security has been impacted by the combination of climate change, trade war, COVID-19 and partial conflict. This paper summarized the characteristics of sweetpotato for its high yield and adaptability in China. Chinese sweetpotato industry has wide space and solid foundation for development in the future, and the utilization ways of sweetpotato tend to be diversified.

Epidemiology of parasitosis. Global aspects

Foodborne parasites (FBP) are of great importance due to their high morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries with poor environmental sanitation, personal hygiene and animal husbandry habits. As they are not mandatory their real prevalence is unknown except for trichinosis. A classification based on the parasitic load and the years lost due to disability (DALYs) considered 11 FBP. The worst being cryptosporidiosis with more than 2 million DALYs and those with the highest morbidity were acquired toxoplasmosis and ascariasis. Another classification is based on the multicriteria decision for the risk and manage-ment of FBP. This consided 24 FBP, being Taenia solium - cysticercosis the most serious. In relation to the parasitic zoonoses that are part of the neglected diseases (NGD), leishmaniasis, shistosomiasis and lymphatic filariasis were considered, cryptosporidiasis and intestinal nematodiasis were also considered al though both do not belong to the NGD. In relation to cryptosporidiosis only 1% is diagnosed, despite the fact that 25% of children with diarrhea present this zoonosis as a comorbidity. In relation to malaria, in 2022 we have the same number of cases globally as in the year 2000, due to different factors that have worsened parasitosis: Epidemic of Covid-19, Ebola, floods, conflicts, climate change (increase in global temperature), appearance of mutant P. falciparum resistant to therapy and that are not detected with rapid diagnostic tests (because they do not have the specific protein), appearance of new vectors, etc.

War fuels food crisis

It is shown that three compounding crises (conflict, COVID, and climate change) are giving rise to another: hunger. Russia's invasion of Ukraine sent food prices to an all-time high by disrupting commodity flows from two of the world's largest exporters of wheat and other staples. Importantly, food prices are rising along with, and because of, other major global economic challenges, including rising inflation, the pandemic which continues to snarl supply chains, and climate change which threatens production across many of the world's agricultural regions. The number of people without sufficient food consumption is back to where it was in the early 2000s.

Direct and indirect health effects of lockdown in South Africa

This paper investigates both the potential impact of national lockdown measures on COVID-19 transmission, and other health and non-health indicators in South Africa, based on available data. We present findings relating to both "costs" and "benefits" in health terms of the national lockdown side by side. Cumulative and new daily cases were plotted against changes in regulations. Disease transmission during each lockdown level was estimated using effective reproduction rate as a proxy, calculated using the EpiEstim method. The reproduction number was calculated at national and provincial level. To compare township and suburb living environments, the Cape Town township of Khayelitsha was compared with the southern suburbs of the same city. Indirect health effects were assessed by official reports and releases from government departments and institutes. Crime statistics were retrieved from the South African Police Service and StatsSA. We find that for large parts of the country and parts of the population, stringent lockdown was little or no better than measures already in place for controlling transmission of COVID-19. The net health effect of COVID-19 lockdowns in South Africa cannot yet be assessed because causes of death data have not been made available. Substantial excess deaths relative to previous years were observed, and the majority of these are not accounted for. There is reason to anticipate significant future health consequences of lockdown.

COVID-2019 - lessons to learn in Africa (short communication) a critical review on the potential effect of COVID-2019 on Africa and lessons to be learnt

This article seeks to answer: would Africa be able to survive if the virus spreads further and strict measure as seen in Europe are enforced? It is clear from the aforementioned factors in this study that Africa is not ready for an outbreak like COVID-19. The only thing African governments can afford to do right now is vehemently prevent the virus from entering or spreading because the continent already has too many problems to deal with (such as: unhealthy ethnic and religious diversity, terrorism, high levels of corruption, an increasing number of youths with wrong priorities, a poor health sector, political and economic invasion, etc). African governments, institutions, and businesses should take note of how their peers in Europe, America, and Asia managed to alleviate the COVID-2019 crisis with essentially creative means of operation while still achieving the same outcomes, if not better ones. African organisations and businesses should be prepared to significantly strengthen health security by enhancing the continent's overall health and making sure that the land borders are secure if they feel at ease maintaining the status quo without the need for change. Otherwise, African nations ought to consider introducing novel approaches to education, employment, and commerce gradually. They can never predict what infectious diseases or terrorist assaults might one day spread over the continent.

Impact of COVID-19 on livestock production and marketing in Nigeria

The current COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the agricultural value chains in Nigeria to economic uncertainties with the livestock sector at the receiving end of the impact of the accompanying effects. The present study assessed the extent of the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on livestockfarmers. Aweb-based cross-sectional online questionnaire survey was conducted in randomly selected 12 States in Nigeria. Data gathered through the questionnaire included;respondents' demographic characteristics, knowledge and attitude regarding COVID-19 pandemic, extent of impact of the pandemic, farm activities severely affected and mitigation efforts made by the affected livestock farmers. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequency count, percentage, mean and confidence interval set at p<0.05. This study revealed that majority (73%) of the livestock farmers were aware of COVID-19 pandemic, 66% practiced intensive farming system while 62% were into poultry production. Knowledge and attitude of livestock farmers regarding COVID-19 revealed that 86% of the respondents believed that COVID-19 did not have a specific drug for treatment, 97% agreed with the principle of hand washing, 70% had hand washing stations on their farms while 59% believed that animals could be infected with the disease. Of the extent of the impact of COVID-19, 42% claimed to have had high blood pressure, 80% lacked funds to run their farms while 27% witnessed the loss of loved ones, 86% of the farmers were severely affected in marketing of their products and services;72%, 52% and 72% were affected in restocking, farm cleaning and transportation, respectively. As a result of the pandemic, 39% sought for loans and reduced labour, 24% stopped payment of salaries while 23% reduced the quantity and quality of feeds given to their animals. The present study highlighted the devastating effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the livestock industry in Nigeria. Therefore, concerted efforts to ensure the survival of the livestock industry must be put in place by individuals and the government at large to salvage current situation and emergency preparedness protocol should be put in place in case of future occurrence.

The relative neglect of agriculture in Mozambique

This paper explores agricultural performance of Mozambique, its institutional weaknesses, and the underlying factors that underpin an unsatisfactory performance during many decades. We point to the role of systemic political instability and violence combined with challenges to state legitimacy. Regional divides and lack of market integration continue to influence in a critical and all-encompassing manner. Finally, the way in which the interests of the elite and the influence of donors have affected progress in the agriculture sector suggests the need for concerted reorientation in existing strategies, policies, and priorities. This is reinforced by future challenges, including the extractive industry;population growth and internal migration;national and international markets;climate change;and COVID-19. We highlight the need to place the future of agriculture in Mozambique within a long-term perspective, focusing on the adoption and stabilization of an institutional framework aimed at increasing agricultural productivity and preserving the environment.

Verification and consideration of conflicts inherent in high school athletic federation organizations-focus on the characteristics of athletics organizations

This study focuses on high school athletics. The Japan High School Athletic Federation, which is the central sports organization of the high school athletics competition, and the National High School Athletic Federation, which is the governing body of the high school sports organization, manage the high school athletics category under the umbrella of the National High School Athletic Federation. This paper aimed to analyze the kind of relationship being built with the National Athletics Department, which is responsible for the actual management of the tournament, and to verify whether there is a conflict between the National Athletics Department and the National Athletics Department. Specifically, we analyzed the actual functions of the National High School Championships, the Japan Association of Athletics Federations, and the National High School Championships, and the level of support each organization had at the Inter-High School Championships held during the coronavirus pandemic. Then, based on the articles of incorporation and regulations of each organization, we organized the objectives, business contents, and decision-making of the three organizational operations, and observed conflicts. We found that the National High School Federation and the National High School Federation Land Specialization Department have four local conditions of conflict : "ambiguity of work in charge", "reciprocity of tasks", "common resources", and "mismatch of social evaluation".

A hard rain's a-gonna fall? New insights on water security and fragility in the Sahel

Do Sahelian countries face specific risks of water-related conflict Sahelian countries face growing fragility and climate challenges-especially those belonging to the Group of Five Sahel States (known as the G5 Sahel)-Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, and Niger. This study examines how their relation to water availability and irrigation infrastructure factors in. It documents that the G5 Sahel countries, given their high baseline water scarcity and state fragility, face a higher risk of conflict over water resources compared to the rest of Africa. This is demonstrated through empirical analyses using geospatial data and exploiting (i) climate-induced variation in water availability, and (ii) an event study analysis of conflict trends, which sharply increased post-2010 in the region following the Arab Spring and the rise of the Boko Haram. Irrigated areas are found to be important for buffering against weather shocks but are also more prone to targeting during conflict events compared to non-irrigated regions. The evidence suggests that this reflects increased competition for scarce (fertile) resources between state and rebel groups on this climate frontier with a well-documented history of agropastoral conflict. Other regions of Africa are not found to experience similar conflict related to water resources. These findings are especially pertinent for informing projects and policy interventions in fragile countries as post-COVID-19 recovery and climate action plans are rolled out.

The present and future of rural youth in the SICA region in the COVID-19 scenario: analysis of gender, opinions, values, expectations, experiences and life projects

This study was carried out, between March and May 2021, in El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras, to: (a) collect information and analyse the opinions, values, experiences and behaviours of rural youth in these three countries of the SICA region in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact at different levels: education, work, health, violence, gender relations, citizen/political participation and associativism, environment, climate change and natural disasters;(b) investigate, in particular, how this pandemic influences the expectations and future projects of young people at a personal, educational and work level;and (c) analyse the information gathered from a gender and intersectional analysis that allows identifying and systematizing the differences and inequalities between the genders in all the selected aspects. The study also inquired about the opinions and explanations of rural youth about different aspects of the COVID 19 pandemic, among others, ideas about its "origin", the consequences at the social and environmental levels, and prioritized means of obtaining information, with the purpose of highlighting the frameworks of meaning that are built on this stage.

Post corona water crisis management

This article talks about future water crisis management after the COVID-19 pandemic. Scenarios such as water use wastage due to hand washing and eutrophication with soap and detergent and water spray as sanitary measures in cities and metros were highlighted as examples and part of the crisis. More than this, climate change in tandem with hydrologic variability were viewed to have a profound impact on the water sector as well. Finally, the article predicts that in 2025, water shortages will be more prevalent due to rising demand and conflict, and how governments will find solutions to such issues moving forward.

Where there was no COVID-19: strengthening health systems response to disease threats in Tabora, Tanzania

Background: In May 2020, the international non-governmental organization Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere (CARE) sought to enable health systems in Tanzania to address COVID-19 health response. CARE leveraged existing partnerships with the Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children and the President's Office of Regional Administration and Local Government in the largest geographic region of Tanzania, Tabora Region. At the time, the government declared Tanzania to be free from COVID-19 and did not permit partners to implement COVID-19 programming. In this context, CARE implemented integrated health systems strengthening support for government response to not only COVID-19 but also other infectious diseases.

The impact of COVID-19 pandemic and gender-based violence on uptake of HIV services in Touboro District Hospital, Cameroon

As we move towards HIV epidemic control in Cameroon, we strive to limit the number of new infections by maintaining on-treatment PWHIV. The emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic may cause interruptions in HIV treatment and slow progression. COVID-19 control measures have caused;the lockdown of businesses, some health services, and imposed work from home, with intimate partners and more people spending longer hours together at home. As a consequence, there is an increased risk of gender-based violence (GBV). GBV can affect adherence to treatment in PWHIV and prevent them from accessing health services. The main objective of the study was to determine the effect of Covid-19 and GBV on the uptake of HIV services by assessing interruptions in treatment. Using a structured questionnaire, demographic data, Information on COVID-19 and intimate partner violence were obtained from 339 participants between 15 and 60 years old, taking HIV treatment at the Touboro district hospital. We used the Antiretroviral treatment register of the health facility to extract data on the frequency and duration of interruption in treatment. The Prevalence of intimate partner violence was high in our study participants, although interruption in treatment was only significant in respondents who reported verbal abuse. A strong association was observed between Covid 19 and interruption in treatment. There was equally an association between Covid-19 and an increase in intimate IPV. Other Socio-demographic variables found to affect interruption in treatment were level of Education of the partner, Age difference with intimate partner greater than 10 years, and early years on antiretroviral therapy. According to the study, Both Gender-based violence (IPV) and Covid-19 affect interruption in antiretroviral treatment.